Policy Overview

The FuelEU Maritime proposal aims to reduce GHG emissions from maritime transport by increasing the share of renewable and low-carbon fuels in the fuel mix used by ships at sea, and promoting the use of shore-side electricity to reduce emissions while docked at port. The European Commission launched a public consultation to gather stakeholders views in March 2020.

Policy Passed

Following predominantly negative engagement from the maritime sector, the adopted FuelEU agreement mostly maintained the weakened ambition of the Commission's original proposal and included the Parliament's weakened scope.

InfluenceMap Query

Energy Transition & Zero Carbon Technologies and GHG Emission Regulation

Policy Status

Inactive: completed. The file was approved in July 2023 and entered into force in October 2023.

  • European Parliament: Transport Committee
  • Rapporteur: Jörgen Warborn (European People’s Party)
  • European Council: Transport Council and Working party on Shipping

Evidence Profile

Key

opposing not supporting mixed/unclear
supporting strongly supporting

European Commission

European Parliament

European Council

Policy Engagement Overview

The aggregated evidence of corporate and industry lobbying on the update of the FuelEU Maritime shows intense, negative engagement from the maritime sector which is concentrated on lowering the initiative’s ambition, with some supportive engagement from the utilities sector.

Long-term Lobbying Trends

The maritime and oil and gas industries opposed mandating that a share of the fuel used by ships at sea is renewable or low-carbon, advocating instead for a “technology-neutral” and “goal-based” approach, such as GHG intensity targets. This included companies Maersk, CMA CGM, and BP, and industry associations the European Community Shipowners' Associations (ECSA), the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) and the World Shipping Council (WSC).

New Lobbying Trends on the EU Commission’s proposal since July 2021

In 2021-22, the maritime sector advocated to weaken the already lowered ambition of the file with WSC and Maersk advocating for GHG intensity targets to be limited to intra-EU voyages. ICS and ECSA recommended that fuel suppliers, rather than ship operators, should be responsible for compliance with GHG intensity targets. ECSA and WSC advocated to weaken requirements for ships to use electricity when docked at port. The WSC also opposed Parliament’s proposed 2% e-fuel sub-mandates.

The oil and gas industry pushed for liquefied natural gas to be incentivized in the file, with FuelsEurope, the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP) and Equinor advocating for measures to support its usage.

The utilities and energy sectors supported increased ambition, with EDF, Siemens Energy and Hydrogen Europe supporting measures that would incentivize the use of low-carbon and renewable fuels in meeting the GHG targets. Iberdrola and Hydrogen Europe also supported ambitious GHG emissions intensity targets.

Impacts on Policy Ambition

By considering the potential scenarios in the EU Commission's original Impact Assessment Report for FuelEU Maritime, and comparing this to the final proposal, a gauge of the impact of industry lobbying can be taken. In this case, intense engagement from the maritime industry appears to correlate to the adoption of mostly weaker positions by the EU Commission and Council.

EU Commission Proposal

  • GHG intensity reduction targets: The lowest ambition policy option from the impact assessment, technology-neutral GHG intensity targets with additional ‘reward mechanisms’ for overachievers, was proposed by the EU Commission, in line with advocacy from the maritime sector. This would require fuels used by ships to meet maximum GHG intensity targets, from 2025 onwards with increasing stringency over time starting from 2% compared to a 2020 baseline and rising to 75% by 2050.

  • Clean fuels: The European Commission appeared to adopt the industry narrative that Liquified Natural Gas is a necessary transitional fuel to decarbonize shipping on the basis that there is an insufficient supply of zero or low-carbon fuels.

  • Scope: All voyages within the EU would be included, in addition to 50% of emissions of ship voyages inbound and outbound from an EU port of call.

EU Parliament Position

The EU Parliament’s position, adopted in October 2022, somewhat the ambition of the regulation proposed by the EU Commission.

  • Scope: The EU Parliament’s position added an exemption, proposing that FuelEU Maritime would apply to 50% of the energy used during voyages to or from the outermost regions of the EU.

  • GHG intensity reduction targets: EU Parliament increased the GHG intensity targets, proposing a 2% reduction by 2025, 20% by 2035 and 80% by 2050. 2040 and 2045 targets proposed by the EU Parliament Committee on Transport and Tourism were not included.

  • Clean fuels: The position set a 2030 target to meet 2% of a ship’s annual energy usage with renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO). The EU Parliament also mandated a ‘multiplier’ which would count one unit of RFNBO as two units of fossil fuels when contributing to the 2035 GHG intensity reduction target.

  • Penalties for non-compliance: The Parliament adopted setting penalties in the case of non-compliance, with generated revenues used to decarbonize the maritime sector.

EU Council Position

The EU Councils position retained the core aspects of the EU Commission’s proposal.

  • Clean fuels: The position included a temporary ‘multiplier’ for renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBOs) to stimulate demand, as in the EU Parliament position.

  • Scope: The EU Council position adopted temporary exemptions for small islands, remote areas, outermost regions and ships traveling through ice conditions.

Policy Progress

EU Policymakers passed the file in July 2023. The FuelEU Maritime proposal maintained the GHG intensity reduction targets to 2% as of 2025, rising to 31% as of 2040, and reaching 80% as of 2050. The scope of voyages included was retained from the Parliament’s proposal. A mechanism to promote uptake of Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin also made it into the proposal, consisting of a multiplier of 2, and replaced by a 2% sub-target from 2034 onwards.

InfluenceMap Query

Energy Transition & Zero Carbon Technologies and GHG Emission Regulation

Policy Status

Inactive: completed. The file was approved in July 2023 and entered into force in October 2023.

  • European Parliament: Transport Committee
  • Rapporteur: Jörgen Warborn (European People’s Party)
  • European Council: Transport Council and Working party on Shipping

Evidence Profile

Key

opposing not supporting mixed/unclear
supporting strongly supporting

European Commission

European Parliament

European Council

Live Lobbying Alerts

​​ECSA advocates for the mandatory inclusion of fuel suppliers in the EU's FUelEU Maritime legislation

17/03/2023

​​In a social media post made on 7th March addressed to key Members of Parliament handling the European Union’s FuelEU Maritime legislation, the European Community Shipowners’ Associations (ECSA) advocated for fuel suppliers to be responsible for meeting the proposed greenhouse gas intensity targets for ships. ​

Hydrogen Europe and Siemens Energy sign joint statement calling for higher ambition in FuelEU Maritime

27/01/2023

In a 23rd January joint statement, entities including Hydrogen Europe and Siemens Energy called for more ambitious GHG intensity targets in the FuelEU Maritime legislation, and advocated for renewable targets to apply to all shipping companies.

EDF Group subsidiary promotes the use of LNG in the maritime sector

20/07/2022

In a blog post on 29th June, Edison (a subsidiary of EDF Group) advocated for the FuelEU Maritime proposal to further promote Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) for shipping, arguing that emissions measurements within the policy should be changed to favor the fuel.

Siemens Energy and Cummins advocate for maritime e-fuel target

17/06/2022

In a joint letter on June 17th, Hydrogen Europe, Siemens Energy and Cummins urged the EU to adopt a 6% 2030 e-fuel target in the FuelEU Maritime, alongside a 5x e-fuel multiplier to promote their use.

Hydrogen Europe promotes hydrogen measures in EU policies

17/06/2022

In an 8th June social media post, Hydrogen Europe CEO Jorgo Chatzimarkakis supported stronger measures for hydrogen in the EU Alternative Fuels Infrastructure regulation, FuelEU Maritime, and the ReFuelEU Aviation proposals.

BusinessEurope unsupportive of FuelEU Maritime initiative

06/04/2022

In a stakeholder event on the FuelEU Maritime initiative on 22nd March, BusinessEurope did not appear to support the policy and suggested that over-regulation would cause carbon leakage due to proposals to reform the EU Energy Taxation Directive and EU Emissions Trading System.

BusinessEurope stress cost and competitiveness impacts of FF55 package mobility policies

24/02/2022

In a February newsletter, BusinessEurope suggested that mobility policies in the Fit for 55 package should take into account the costs for industry and impacts on competitiveness. The association supported the emission intensity standards but advocated for alternative production pathways for fuels in the FuelEU Maritime legislation, and suggested that there could be international retaliation.

BusinessEurope was supportive of slightly higher blending obligations in the short and medium term in the ReFuelEU Aviation legislation, but supported flexibilities for companies. The association advocated for increased ambition of the roll-out of charging and refuelling infrastructure in the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation.

BDI appears to not support the FuelEU Maritime proposal

14/01/2022

In feedback to the EU Commission in November 2021, the Federation of German Industry appeared not to support the FuelEU Maritime proposal, questioning the viability of its international scope and cautioning that an international level playing field must be guaranteed.

BusinessEurope advocated for including natural gas in EU climate legislations and unsupportive of ICE phase out by 2035

03/12/2021

BusinessEurope released a position paper on the Fit for 55 package, which advocated for a more ambitious revision of the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation, but supported including targets for Liquified and Compressed Natural Gas that mirrored electric recharging points. The position paper did not support the EU’s target for phasing out internal combustion engines by 2035 and was in favor of emissions intensity standards in the FuelEU Maritime regulation, as well as including Liquified Natural Gas.

Entities Engaged on Policy

The table below lists the entities found to be most engaged with the policy. The entities are ranked by performance band. InfluenceMap tracks over 500 companies and 250 industry associations globally. Each entity name links to its full InfluenceMap profile, where the evidence of its engagement can be found.

Influencemap Performance BandOrganizationPolicy PositionPolicy Engagement Intensity